Monthly Archives: December 2013

New Years Goals vs Resolutions

Instead of New Years Resolutions - try to set reachable goals and avoid the disappointments. Here are some helpful tips from healthcare counselors:

When setting goals, don’t forget to develop the action plan with deadlines,
The art of setting goals properly is so that they are in a good position to reach them.

Write the goals down and include each action needed to accomplish the goal. One suggestion after this list has been created - sit with another person who has no knowledge of what you want to accomplish and review each step. The reason for this is if someone else reads the steps and does not understand what to do or seems confused, then that is a a good indication that the steps are not complete or need adjusting.

The next step is to set a specific date for each step - this is important because it helps in moving forward and reaching the goal defined. The more progress made within a short period of time the better.

Constant forward momentum helps keep the actions on track and displays tangible proof that the plan is working.This plan will be accomplished and appreciated as you enjoy the New Year, recognize the success rather than setting a resolution that may never be achieved.

Celebrate the New Year with a new beginning never looking back because you are not going that way.

Have a very happy New Year with a positive new you.

Giving Thanks And Happy New Year

 

2014 is just a few days away and from all of us to all of yours we send our best wishes for a happy, healthy, and successful 2014!

 

As the New Year approaches, our thoughts turn gratefully to those who have made our progress and the progress of our community possible. And in this spirit we say, simply but sincerely thank you.

 

Thank you for everything big and small you do to help make the C Diff Foundation a better resource in the lives of others, a rewarding organization to work with and for raising C. diff. awareness to the millions of families and friends worldwide.

 

We are a giving Foundation and a lot of that giving is facilitated through each of you. Giving makes a difference and there are so many different ways to give. Whether it is through presentations at a conference, joining the Foundation’s volunteer program, or donating time in November for the “Raising C Diff Awareness” campaign in communities across the globe the partnered efforts and contributions are greatly appreciated. Through the many facets of giving and charitable support, the Foundation’s mission continues to move forward in educating, and advocating for C. diff. prevention, treatments, and environmental safety worldwide.

 

We look forward to seeing you in 2014 and please let us know how we can help you!

 

Thank you and Happy New Year.

Clostridium difficile (C. diff. ) Research Community - December 2013

Here’s the latest from the Clostridium difficile research community:

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The 19.8kb Pathogenicity Locus or PaLoc of C.difficile expresses genes for the toxins as well as genes that regulate toxin production. Additionally mobile genetic elements are also responsible for acquisition of antibiotic resistance genes. Dingle et al. look at the evolutionary history of the mobile elements in C.difficile and suggest that PaLoc is mobilized rarely via homologous recombination, whereas Tn6218 is mobilized frequently through transposition.

http://gbe.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2013/12/11/gbe.evt204.long

 

Toxin regulation may also be controlled by additional genes other than the usual suspects present on the PaLoc such as flagella. In B. subtilis, the sigma factor SigD controls flagellar synthesis, motility, therefore it is possible that a homolog of SigD present in the C.difficile 630 genome could also control toxin production. A sigD mutant in C. difficile 630 ∆erm displayed decreased expression of genes involved in flagellar biosynthesis, and also of genes encoding TcdA and TcdB as well as TcdR, the positive regulator of the toxins. Thus, SigD appears to be the first positive regulator of the toxin synthesis via direct control of tcdR transcription in C. difficile

http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0083748

 

C. difficile is present in 60-70% of newborns and infants. It has been speculated that newborns and infants lack the receptors for the disease-causing toxins secreted by C.difficile, and hence, are colonized, but remain disease-free. Alderbeth et al looked at the long term persistence of C.difficile in healthy infants from birth to ≥12 months of age. Carriage of toxin producing genes was also characterized. Most strains (71%) were toxin producers, and 51% belonged to the 001 or 014 ribotypes, which often cause disease in adults. Toxin-producing strains colonizing young children for long time periods may represent a reservoir for strains causing disease in adults.

http://jcm.asm.org/content/52/1/173.long

 

With the emergence of a hypervirulent strain of C. difficile (BI/NAP1/027), the epidemiology of C. difficile infection has rapidly changed in the last decade. In addition to toxin A and toxin B, hypervirulent strains produce a third toxin, binary toxin. Although it has been speculated that binary toxin has an additive effect to damage already caused by the other two toxins, Kuehne et al created knock out combinations of isogenic toxin mutants of R20291 and assessed their virulence in hamsters. They reconfirm their previous findings where they show either toxin A or toxin B alone can cause fulminant disease in the hamster infection model. In addition they show that in a double toxin mutant (ABC+; ie, an isogenic mutant producing only CDT), 3 of 9 animals succumbed to disease, although symptoms vary from those typically associated with C.difficile infection. Signs of wet tail, hemorrhage and inflammation in their small intestines were observed, thus suggesting an independent role of CDT in causing disease.

http://jid.oxfordjournals.org/content/209/1/83.long

 

For the first time the emergence of a hypervirulent strain of C. difficile (BI/NAP1/027) has been reported in China.

http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.1086/674405?uid=33374&uid=3739832&uid=2131&uid=2&uid=70&uid=3&uid=33372&uid=67&uid=62&uid=3739256&sid=21103168613797

 

Type IV pili are non-covalently assembled appendages, characterized now in both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Peipenbrink et al show that C. difficile produces Type IV pili containing PilJ, a pilin with a novel dual-pilin fold. According to the suggested model, the C-terminal pilin domain is exposed in pili, providing a unique interaction surface. The novel fold of PilJ suggests a new mode for Type IV pilus function.

http://www.jbc.org/content/early/2013/12/21/jbc.M113.534404.long

 

Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been suggested as a new treatment to manage Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). Lofgren et al use a mathematical model of C. difficile within an intensive care unit (ICU), to examine the potential impact of routine FMT. Results of this study suggest that the routine use of FMT represents a promising approach to reduce complex recurrent cases, but a reduction in CDI incidence will require the use of other methods to prevent transmission.

http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.1086/674394?uid=33374&uid=3739832&uid=2131&uid=2&uid=70&uid=3&uid=33372&uid=67&uid=62&uid=3739256&sid=21103168877297

 

Natural Remedies may help prevent and treat colds

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With the cold and FLU season in full swing here are a few natural remedies and some have been shared by the Mayo Clinic. Natural remedies may help ward off or decrease the harsh cold symptoms caused by viruses.

*When cold or FLU symptoms are not relieved by natural alternatives or over-the-counter medications (OTC) or symptoms become worse, please contact a healthcare provider, or Primary Care Physician for medical attention.

Dr. Jay Hoecker, MD, a Mayo Clinic Emeritus consultant, suggests utilizing a Humidifier; Humidifiers add moisture to the air, which helps ease coughing and congestion due to a cold. Warm-mist and cool-mist humidifiers are equally effective in humidifying the air. Also, by the time the water vapor reaches your child’s lower airways, it’s the same temperature regardless of whether it started out warm or cool.

oranges-vitamin-c-lg

Citrus fruits such as oranges and lemons have been noted as natural immune boosters for the cold and flu due to their vitamin-C content.. Although vitamin C is integral to proper immune function, citrus fruits have a lot more to offer than just one vitamin. Fruits and vegetables have more to offer the immune system than just their vitamins and minerals. The phytonutrients, antioxidants, fibers, oils and acids in fruits and vegetables, which are responsible for their various flavors and colors, are also responsible for their many health, healing and immune- modulating properties.

To make Lemon, Honey and Thyme Sorbet:

Ingredients: 3/4 to 1 cup honey of your choice, 1 cup cold water, small handful of fresh thyme sprigs, zest of 2 lemons, 1-1/2 cups fresh squeezed lemon juice from four lemons.

Combine honey, water, thyme, and lemon zest in a small saucepan, bring to a boil and stir constantly until honey is dissolved. Boil for one minute and remove from heat, set aside until cool. Strain syrup from saucepan into a jug, add lemon juice to the syrup and chill for at least two hours. Pour the mixture into a shallow freezer-proof container (a loaf tin will work fine) and freeze for one hour until the edges begin to freeze. Beat with a hand mixer or whisk until smooth and return to the freezer and repeat these steps two to three times before leaving in the freezer for a final two hours.

WaterFruit

It’s very important to stay hydrated during cold and flu season not only to prevent sickness, but to also help recover from any cold symptoms. When feeling ill continually drinking fluids during the course of the day may become decreased. Maintaining hydration can help the recovery process. Staying well hydrated will improve the body’s overall functioning and effectiveness. When dehydrated the recovery process will slow down because the body is struggling to fight off the infection. Staying hydrated can help the respiratory tissue that lines the lungs maintain moisture providing the ability to cough and expel the mucus or blow your nose easier. Warm beverages, such as tea, broth, and soup will also help loosen mucus in the respiratory tracts and aid with congestion. When a cold or FLU caused by a virus causes a fever perspiration and lose of water and electrolytes, especially salt will occur. Electrolytes and water are crucial in keeping the body functioning properly. While drinking plain water is important, gaining back those electrolytes are important too. Many sports drinks (i.e., Gatorade and Powerade) will help to replace the lost electrolytes. For children, Pedialyte is a great option. * Please contact Pediatrician/Physicians to report symptoms and/or seek medical attention if it is not possible to maintain hydration

Try to incorporate both plain water and electrolyte-enhanced drinks if there is a fever, vomiting, or diarrhea. Offer Popsicle s and gelatin during the day along with water and other beverages to help with fluid balance during an illness. Staying proactive with fluid replacement and fluid intake, dehydration can be prevented. If there are any signs of dehydration, act quickly and contact healthcare providers and/or seek medical attention immediately. Maintaining hydration can help fight the FLU and/or common cold symptoms while aiding in the recovery.

FoodYogurtcup

Probiotics can boost the immune response to FLU and cold symptoms along with the negative effects that go along with Antibiotic therapies. Powerful strains of probiotics found in yogurt include lactobacillus and bifidobacteria. The more different strains of these bacteria, the better, so look for this information on the label and compare brands when possible. Though store-bought yogurt does contain probiotics, some of these bacteria are inevitably destroyed by the pasteurization process. For a product containing the most live and active cultures, making yogurt at home with raw milk is ideal Kefir is a product very similar to yogurt; it is usually made from milk but can be made with other liquids such as coconut milk or water. Kefir, though, has the advantage of being 99 percent lactose free, making it a good option for those who are lactose intolerant. Additionally, kefir is among the richest sources of probiotics available, with three times the amount of probiotics typically found in yogurt. It can be purchased in most grocery stores. Fermented vegetables are probiotic-rich foods that easily can be made at home. Some common examples that can be purchased at the grocery store include sauerkraut and pickles. Kombucha tea is produced by fermenting sweet black tea with a flat culture of bacteria and yeasts known as the kombucha mushroom.

FoodElderberryBerries

Elderberry is a fine natural remedy and a statement by Dr. Holly Lucile, ND “There has been a plethora of research on black elderberry mainly on its antiviral and anti-inflammatory activity.”

And the best natural prevention that everyone can do is hand washing (hand hygiene).

CDC’s Slogan: “Hand hygiene saves lives.” Hand hygiene is critical for all of us. It has been identified as the single most effective means of reducing the spread of infection worldwide. Researchers have reported that healthcare associated infections were reduced when hospital personnel washed their hands more frequently. Hand hygiene is a new term to describe hand washing and the hand disinfection process. We pick up “transient flora” when our hands touch objects in the environment. “Resident flora” are organisms that are normally found on the skin on our hands. Hand washing removes the transient bacteria, viruses and decreases the levels of resident flora on the hands decreasing the spreading of germs. By removing the transient flora by hand washing the healthcare associated infections (HAIs) rate decreases. Here’s to sharing the news with others about the importance of hand washing (hand hygiene) and let’s stop giving germs a free ride.

washhands

“Here’s to everyone’s good health!”

PhRMA Medicines in Development Report: Infectious Diseases

PhRMA’s Medicines in Development Report: Infectious Diseases

Thanks to vaccines and other treatments, we have come a long way. Infectious diseases are no longer the leading cause of death in the U.S., and that great progress is not slowing down! Today’s biopharmaceutical researchers are working every day to help treat patients with infectious diseases like HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis C, MRSA, Clostridium difficile, and others.

Check out the new PhRMA Medicines in Development report to learn more about the nearly 400 infectious disease treatments in the pipeline today. http://onphr.ma/1fOkq9r

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Clostridium difficile (C. diff) Research Community Update

Here’s the latest from the Clostridium difficile research community:

Hansen et al reports that the toxin A and toxin B induced CXCL8/Il-8 release and subsequent intestinal barrier dysfunction is mediated via the activation of P2Y6 receptor in in vitro Caco-2 cells and also in a mouse model of toxin-mediated inflammation and tissue damage. The novel role of P2Y6 receptor in toxin-mediated C. difficile infection may be utilized in designing a novel therapeutic target for C. difficile infection.

http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0081491

Toxins A and B are essential for symptomatic disease, however, the role of toxins in colonization is unknown. C.difficile preferentially binds to the basolateral surface of epithelial cells. Kasendra et al. show that sub-lethal concentrations of toxin A can alter cell-polarity allowing C.difficile to gain access to basolateral receptors needed for successful colonization of colonic mucosa.

http://jid.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2013/11/22/infdis.jit617.long

C.difficile toxin B plays an important role in disease outcome. Epidemic BI/NAP1/027 has been associated with more severe disease although the exact reason is still unknown. Lanis et al show that toxin B from the epidemic BI/NAP1/027 strain of C. difficile is more lethal, causes more extensive brain hemorrhage, and is antigenically variable from toxin B from a reference strain. Lanis et al also show carboxy-terminal domain (CTD) encodes at least 11 epitopes that differ between toxin B from the two strains. Toxin B antiserum against the CTD from one strain does not cross-neutralize toxin B from other and vice versa, thus reducing the likelihood of a universal toxin vaccine that could provide cross-protection against infection by varying strains.

http://www.plospathogens.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.ppat.1003523

C.difficile Surface-Layer Protein A (SlpA) is an important colonization and adhesion factor that may play an essential role in C. difficile infection. Merrigan et al show that SlpA from thirty-six epidemic-associated and non-epidemic associated C. difficile clinical isolates displayed intra- and inter-clade differences in attachment that were unrelated to toxin production. The novel role of SlpA in adhesion and C. difficile infection may be utilized in designing a novel therapeutic target for C. difficile infection.

http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0078404

Madan et al look at the role of leptin in the mucosal immune response to C. difficile infection. A previously described mutation in the leptin receptor, LEPR, has been associated with a greater susceptibility to infectious colitis and liver abscess due to Entamoeba histolytic. Here the authors report that individuals homozygous for the LEPR Q223R mutation were at an increased risk of C. difficile infection. This phenomenon was also studied in vivo in mice lacking the leptin receptor, with results showing a decreased clearance of C.difficile and lower levels of inflammation. These data suggest a protective role of leptin against C.difficile infection and suggests a connection between host metabolism and immunity.

http://iai.asm.org/content/early/2013/10/22/IAI.00972-13.long

SpoA is the global regulator of C. difficile sporulation and may in turn regulate potential virulence factors that may play a role in C.difficile infection. Previous conflicting data from various studies have failed to show a regulatory role of Spo0A in toxin A and toxin B production by C. difficile. Mackin et al report that Spo0A acts as a negative regulator of toxin A and toxin B production in two ribotype 027 isolates but not in strain 630Δerm. In addition, Spo0A may be involved in regulating some aspects of C. difficile motility.

http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0079666

C.difficile spores play an important role in disease pathogenesis. Spores can survive in the environment for long periods and are generally resistant to household cleaners. Spore proteins present on the outer layer of spores, the exosporium, may be essential for the initiation and persistence of C. difficile infection. Pizarro-Guajardo et al report that three C.difficile collagen-like exosporium proteins (BclA) are expressed during sporulation and localize to the spore, although they do not contribute to spores hydrophobicity and BclA1 has low immunogenicity. This is the first detailed study of collagen-like proteins in C. difficile.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1075996413001881

December 2, 2013

Protein Packed Blueberry Cookies

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HIGH PROTEIN BLUEBERRY COOKIES

(Makes 10 cookies)

Ingredients:
4 egg whites, 1/2 cup milk of your choice

1/2 cup oatmeal

1 cup berries fresh or frozen
2 scoops of vanilla protein powder

Directions:
Combine egg whites, milk, protein powder and oatmeal well.
Stir in blueberries
Drop spoonfuls of mixture on a baking sheet coating with cooking spray.

Bake at 425 degrees F. for 10-15 minutes.

Nutritional Facts - Per serving (One cookie):
Calories 57g
Protein 7g
Carbohydrate 5g
Fat 1 g